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COBRA

COBRA Made Simple: Notices, Timelines, and Billing

Published Sep 11, 2025 • Vista IFS

COBRA lets qualified beneficiaries continue group health coverage after qualifying events like termination or reduced hours. The biggest risks are deadline-driven notices and accurate premium handling (DOL, 2024a).

Coordinate HR, payroll, and carriers, and keep proof of mailing for notices. State mini-COBRA laws can apply to smaller employers (KFF, 2023).

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Federal COBRA generally applies to employers with 20+ employees, while many states have continuation rules for smaller groups. Maintain a simple flowchart that starts with qualifying events, tracks election windows, and shows maximum coverage periods (DOL, 2024a).

Use the DOL’s model General Notice for new participants and a timely Election Notice after a qualifying event. Keep copies and mailing proofs. Define how you handle second qualifying events and early termination scenarios such as nonpayment or fraud (DOL, 2024a).

Premium administration should include the 2% administrative fee if used. Reconcile cash, invoices, and enrollment files monthly to prevent gaps. Coordinate with TPAs or carriers so billing aligns with enrollment changes.

When state mini-COBRA applies, confirm the timelines and model notices differ from federal COBRA. Align your templates accordingly (KFF, 2023).

Run a quarterly audit: sample recent qualifying events, verify notices and dates, and confirm premium balances and carrier records match.

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